To enable continuity of reinforcement at construction joints and to enable bar lengths to be man-handled lapped bars are normally detailed. Min lap length > 15 OR 300 mm Tension Laps Use Anchorage Length L=L A. where is the diameter of the smaller bar. Compression Laps Use 1.25 times the compression anchorage length.

4 Code – The Code of Standard Practice for Steel Buildings and Bridges as published by the American Institute of Steel Construction. Column – a structural element that usually carries its primary loads in compression or tension parallel its axis. Column Base – usually a thick plate at the bottom of a column through which anchor bolts mechanically connect the column and transfer forces to the

ed for finding the number of piles, pile layout, beam shear, punching shear, moment steel, development length, and steel distribution. A middle section is devoted to lateral load analysis. Finally, the last section presents the pile dowel and pile prestress calcula-tions including a method for finding the pile …

Foundations with piles under the whole bottom and with intermediate beddingare also used. Here a layer of crushed stone or granular material is put over the piles and serves instead of the iron-concrete coat. 3.2.3 Ring piled foundation. It is an effective solution for sites with soft soil.

In general, the gap between the piles is kept at 2.5 times the diameter of the piles. It is done to avoid the interaction of one pile on others. In addition to the calculation of the tension reinforcements, different shear checks like punching and vertical line shear shall be done.

The schematic diagram of the interaction of a typical beam and raft slab is shown in Figure 4. Fig 4: Schematic representation of beam and raft slab action. Design Data. Allowable bearing capacity of soil = 40 kPa. Dimension of all columns = 230 x 230 mm. Dimension of all ground beams = 1200 x 250 mm. Thickness of ground floor slab = 150 mm.

LANL Standard Drawings and Details either (1) depict required format/content or (2) are templates that are completed by a Design Agency (LANL or external AE) for a design drawing package, in a manner similar to specifications.

pile foundations. Piles can also be used in normal ground conditions to resist horizontal loads. Piles are a convenient method of foundation for works over water, such as jetties or bridge piers. 1.4 Classification of piles 1.4.1 Classification of pile with respect to load transmission and functional behaviour End bearing piles (point bearing ...

The original scope of work for the general contractor was to execute the required retaining system and use a suitable dewatering system suggested from by consultant, and that with an original budget of 2,548,000 EGP and the required duration is 5 months begins from 1/8/2014 and finishes on 3/1/2015, see baseline time schedule, Fig. 1 contains a copy of project baseline.

One is the punching shear strength of pile cap due to the concentered load of the column and the other is the shear strength of pile caps due to the reactions of a pile or group of piles. Punching shear checks should be taken seriously as structural failures due to punching before it occurs leaves a minimal warning or specifically, no warning ...

The Kirismäki interchange, which is a part of the E18 Turku ring road improvement project, is a pilot site where Peikko's PSB ® Punching Reinforcement System was used for the first time in a road's pile-supported slab structure to strengthen the connection points of foundation piles and concrete slab.. Road network and the related intersection construction projects are often huge in size ...

Punching shear is a failure mechanism when structural elements subjected to concentrated load. Failure occurs in perimeter defined away from the concentrated load. Slabs, pile caps, footings, raft foundations, etc. element is subjected to punching action and they need to be designed for it. The punching shear perimeter is considered as the ...

Additional piles, called skirt p iles, can be inserted through an d connected to sleeves at the base of the structure. Leg and skirt piles jointly anchor the structure and transfer both vertical and horizontal actions to the seabed. Where the piles are only connected to the legs at the jacket top, the forces are transferred

Geotechnical design software. Foundation engineering: use various foundation treatment technologies to design the foundation scheme, including the replacement cushion method, preloading method, vibratory punching method, gravel pile method, dynamic compaction method and dynamic compaction replacement method, deep mixing method, high-pressure ...

7. organizational scheme and a numeric index for construction work. Substantial departures from literal adoption are 8. required in order to more accurately describe the General Contractor's job requirements. 9. 5 Division 01 is the most arbitrary, with furthest divergence from Masterformat 2012. Each

capacity, or be supported on piles or drilled shaft foundations (caissons). Depending on the total load applied to the mat and underlying foundation system, the thickness of mat foundations can vary from 1 ft (0.3 m) to more than 20 ft (7 m). The reinforcing system in the mat can be quite substantial,

On June 24, 2010, the residents of the Dolphin Towers, a 12-story residential condominium constructed over a 3-story parking garage in Sarasota, FL, heard a large BANG. The residents of the plaza level condominium units discovered large cracks in walls and floors, along with doors that would not open that caused much concern.

Construction Quality Control / Quality Assurance Plan (CQAP) be provided to EPA for review and approval. This document is being submitted to satisfy that requirement. 1.1 PROJECT SETTING The Upper Hudson River is defined as the section of river from the Fenimore Bridge in

Design of Pad Footing Cracking & Detailing Requirements • All reinforcements should extend the full length of the footing • If >1.5 +3, at least two-thirds of the reinforcement parallel to L y should be concentrated in a band width +3 centred at column where L x & L y and c x & c y are the footing and column dimension in x and y directions

The characteristics of impact loads caused by punching pile construction of highway bridge pile foundation and the propagation law of vibration wave in the soil were researched. Combined with site monitoring vibration signal which is generated by the bridge pile foundation construction of Zhang Shi Expressway across the Shaanxi Beijing pipeline, signal waveforms of the punching pile ...

6.8 Bored pile walls 35 6.9 Steel sheet pile walls 38 6.10 Plastic sheet piles 40 6.11 Lightweight fill 41 6.12 Tyre bales 45 6.13 Methods of improving slope stability 46 6.14 Comparative costs of alternative widening solutions 51 7 WIDENING SOLUTIONS FOR SMART MOTORWAYS 55 8 CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE 57 9 REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 60

form in the form of a diagram (Table 1). An example of the representation of the test scheme is shown in Figure 2. For the analysis of the accumulated test results of piles, a sample of 20 pieces was made (Table 2). The tests were carried out in conditions of real construction in different weather conditions,

existing pile cap deficiency. existing pile cap deficiency. structSU10 (Structural) (OP) 4 May 20 15:56. I have an existing building with relatively thin pile caps (20" thick) for all pile arrangements. Per ACI equations, they are very deficient for shear and moment (stress ratios up to 3.5). I have depth to retrofit due to the floor slab being ...

punching pile construction load and vibration wave propagation generated by it have been researched in the paper. 2. Impact Load Characteristic Analysis 2.1. Impact Load Characteristic In the punching pile construction, the hammer drops down from a certain height colliding with the soil as a greater

Use a hole punch to thread small pieces of paper together to make mobiles (also add bun cases, straws etc) Build a train track or road Construction toys that connect in different ways e.g. popping blocks, mobile, art straws etc Outside make chalk trails to follow or inside use masking tape to join areas together

Indeed this discrete change does not exist in reality due to the presence of the punching wedge at the pile tip, which is shown in Figure 5 on the next page. Piles Capacity Reference Manual 13. Figure 5: The soil wedge at the pile tip which goes as deep as 2 to 4 times the pile diameter. (Bowles 1997)

In 1996, Anderberg Construction developed a unique underground pile driving method for supporting and underpinning structures. The innovative "Punch Pile" brand incorporates methods for supporting bridges, buildings, boat docks, foundations etc… Future applications utilizing this technique include "bottom end" driving for composite pilings and installation of liquefaction reduction ...

Punching shear is a failure mechanism when structural elements subjected to concentrated load. Failure occurs in perimeter defined away from the concentrated load. Slabs, pile caps, footings, raft foundations, etc. element is subjected to punching action and they need to be designed for it. The punching shear perimeter is considered as the ...

The Standard Plans for Bridge Construction shown on this site are for designers to use in preparing contract plans only and are not for direct use by the contractor. The required Standard Plans for Bridge Construction for projects are included in the Structures Component of the Contract Plan set. Standard Plans Index. Interim Revision or Errata.

construction control involving pile retaps (or restrikes) at 3 days after EOD. It should be noted that the resistance factors with special consideration of pile setup are for 7-day retap. This design example demonstrates how to estimate the nominal driving resistance at 3 days after EOD using the setup factor chart. It also demonstrates that higher

3. Meet the tolerances of the construction . Depth of Pile Cap - The depth of pile cap is influenced by the following factors : 1. Shear strength of pile cap (beam and punching shear) 2. Shrinkage and swelling of clay. 3. Frost attacks 4. Pile anchorage 5. Water table and soluble sulphates 6. Maintain bolt assemblies for steel columns

Design the pile cap shown in the following figure with 12 in. diameter piles and a service load capacity of 50 tons each. The pile cap has normal-weight concrete with a compressive strength of 4000 psi and Grade 60 reinforcement. And the piles are embedded 4 in. into the pile cap. The axial loads on the column are due to dead and live loads and

construction scheme of deep foundation pit support for a residential area project, introduces the ... Punch filling pile is adopted as the foundation. Since the depth of the ... Pore-creating is the focus of the pile construction. Hoist with cross impact hammer is used to punch

Following Collection of Design Excel Sheets, all excel sheets useful to civil engineers in the construction field. Design of Combined Footing Excel Sheet. Brick,Concrete, Plaster,Tile,Converter Excel Sheet. Analysis of Rates of Building Construction in Excel. Units Calculator Excel Sheet for Conversion of Measurement.

7.1. Introduction This section will summarise the most common construction methods for low volume roads on peat. Further information on the methods is given in the ROADEX II report "Dealing with Bearing Capacity Problems on Low Volume Roads Constructed on Peat". Road construction in peat can essentially be sub-divided into four broad classifications: 7.2 Avoidance … Continue reading 7 ...

in length. Minimum pile penetration into abutment stem is 2'-6". Avoid using 16" CIP and HP 14 piles or larger because of limited flexibility. When the angle between the back face of wingwall and back face of abutment is less than 135 degrees, provide a 2'-0" x 2'-0" corner fillet on the back face of the wingwall/abutment connection.